Some common knowledge about lenses—explained by an LED lens manufacturer.

Release Date:

2022-01-19 12:02

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LED lens manufacturers note that traditional refractive optical components are typically bulky and heavy, whereas compact, lightweight optics are ideal for a wide range of applications—from consumer electronics to remote-sensing systems based on unmanned aerial vehicles or satellites.

        LED lens Manufacturers contend that conventional refractive optical elements are typically bulky and heavy, whereas compact, lightweight optics are ideally suited for a wide range of applications—from consumer electronics to remote-sensing systems based on unmanned aerial vehicles or satellites. In recent years, metasurfaces have emerged as a new platform for wavefront control. Composed of subwavelength‑spaced dielectric or metallic antenna arrays with thicknesses comparable to or smaller than the wavelength of light, metasurfaces can precisely manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light, while offering a compact form factor and versatile imaging capabilities. At present, one of the major barriers to the widespread adoption of metalens technology is its aperture size. Increasing the lens aperture can yield higher imaging resolution, which is crucial for microscopy and long‑range imaging applications. Optical metalenses featuring nanoscale aperiodic structures are usually fabricated using processes such as electron-beam lithography, which are both costly and time‑consuming.

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　　  LED lens The manufacturer believes that solving the lens… One approach to addressing the aperture‑limited problem in (or with) lenses is synthetic aperture synthesis. Synthetic aperture synthesis combines signals from a set of subapertures to produce an image with the same resolution as an aperture equal to the circumscribing circle of all the subapertures. This is a technique that has found widespread application in the radio‑frequency domain.

　　LED lens manufacturers contend that imaging on the detector is achieved by arranging several sub‑aperture metalens elements in a specific pattern. The imaging process can still be reduced to the convolution of the scene function, the point spread function (PSF), and noise. Here, the PSF is no longer that of a single metalens; rather, it is the composite PSF formed by multiple metalenses.

　　LED lens manufacturers contend that images directly acquired by the detector must undergo computation and reconstruction to yield high-resolution imagery. This process comprises histogram stretching, Richardson–Lucy deconvolution, and median filtering. Histogram stretching is employed to enhance image contrast. The Richardson–Lucy deconvolution algorithm is an iterative technique that, assuming Poisson noise, recovers a latent high-resolution image from a blurred image captured by an imaging system with a known point spread function (PSF).

　　 LED lens The manufacturer describes the fabrication process for the synthetic superlens as follows: First, a 600-nanometer-thick amorphous silicon film is deposited on a molten quartz substrate using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Next, electron-beam lithography (EBL) is employed to pattern the metasurface into a polymethyl methacrylate photoresist. In the subsequent step, the pattern is transferred to a chromium hard mask via lift‑off, and then further transferred to the silicon layer by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP‑RIE). The chromium mask can then be removed using a wet etchant. A photoresist is spin‑coated onto the sample. In the second stage, an aluminum mask is precisely defined outside the superlens aperture through a sequence of photolithography, electron-beam evaporation, and lift‑off processes, aligned using alignment marks.


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Some key points about lenses, as explained by an LED lens manufacturer.

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